PV Basics

Every day, the sun delivers energy to the earth free of charge. People can use this free energy thanks to photovoltaic technology, which converts the sun's energy into electricity.

Photovoltaic (PV) cells (Solar cells) are made of semiconductors such as silicon and some metal oxides. The silicon cells convert sunlight directly into electricity. This process occurs in the three energy-conversion layers :

1. The top junction layer (Negative-type semiconductor)
2. The next layer in the structure is the core of the cell; this is the absorber layer (the P-N junction).
3. The last of the energy-conversion layers is the back junction layer (Positive-type semiconductor).

Electricity is generated the following way :

1. Electrons separate from the semiconductor atoms when they are excited by solar radiation.
2. An electron hole, or simply HOLE, and the excited electron move toward the P-N junction.
3. When the HOLE & electron come together at the P-N junction, voltage is generated. Lead wires can be connected to the module to generate usable electricity.

Detailed Description for standard Module

The crystalline silicon solar (or photovoltaic) module is composed of solar cells with an average conversion efficiency above 16%, EVA sheets, solar glass, and a Tedlar (TPT) back sheet compounded from fluoric-plastic and Dacron. The module is then welded and put through a high-vacuum, heating, lamination process. In the final stage of production the module is fitted with a anticorrosion, aluminum-alloy frame, and a water-tight terminal box that meets IEC 61215 and Grade II electrical standards. The manufacturing process produces a module that is durable, well-designed and resistant to ultraviolet aging.

Design Characteristics :

1. Greater efficiency increases the electrical output of the module
2. Low iron, high transparency glass increases light absorption, producing more energy

Firm frame reliably :

1. Extremely thin 46mm, positive pole, anticorrosion treated aluminum frame.
2. High quality safety glass and back sheet protects the module from damage.
3. Silicon gel encapsulated, weather-proof junction box.
4. Utilizes EVA and TPT to effectively prevent water penetration.

Seamless system conformity :

1. Easily adaptable to all support systems with 4-6 fastening holes on the frame.
2. Standard MC attachment and 1m long electric cable provided.
3. Equipped with 3 bypass diodes to reduce system power loss when partially shaded.

The finalized module is ready to produce electricity. Individual modules are interconnected in arrays and connected to an inverter to form a PV system, supplying power that can be used directly or fed into a power grid.

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